build: compile with C++17 (MSVC)

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38807
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38788
Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <duhamelantoine1995@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Juan José Arboleda <soyjuanarbol@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ash Cripps <acripps@redhat.com>

common.gypi

@@ -259,7 +259,10 @@
     ],
     'msvs_settings': {
       'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-        'AdditionalOptions': ['/Zc:__cplusplus'],
+        'AdditionalOptions': [
+          '/Zc:__cplusplus',
+          '-std:c++17'
+        ],
         'BufferSecurityCheck': 'true',
         'DebugInformationFormat': 1,          # /Z7 embed info in .obj files
         'ExceptionHandling': 0,               # /EHsc