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.TH "GPIO" "March 2013" "Command-Line access to Raspberry Pi's GPIO"
.SH NAME
gpio \- Command-line access to Raspberry Pi's GPIO
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B gpio
.B \-v
.PP
.B gpio
.B [ \-g | \-1 ]
.B mode/read/write/aread/awrite/wb/pwm/clock ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B [ \-x extension:params ]
.B mode/read/write/aread/awrite/pwm/pwmTone ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B [ \-p ]
.B read/write/toggle/wb
.B ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B readall/reset
.PP
.B gpio
.B unexportall/exports
.PP
.B gpio
.B export/edge/unexport
.B ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B wfi
.B ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B drive
group value
.PP
.B gpio
.B usbp
high | low
.PP
.B gpio
.B pwm-bal/pwm-ms
.PP
.B gpio
.B pwmr
range
.PP
.B gpio
.B load \ i2c/spi ...
.PP
.B gpio
.B gbr
channel
.PP
.B gpio
.B gbw
channel value
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B GPIO
is a swiss army knife of a command line tool to allow the user easy
access to the GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi and the SPI A/D and D/A
converters on the Gertboard. It's designed for simple testing and
diagnostic purposes, but can be used in shell scripts for general if
somewhat slow control of the GPIO pins.
It can also control the IO's on the PiFace IO board and load the SPI and I2C
kernel modules if required.
Additionally, it can be used to set the exports in the \fI/sys/class/gpio\fR
system directory to allow subsequent programs to use the \fR/sys/class/gpio\fR
interface without needing to be run as root.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-v
Output the current version including the board revision of the Raspberry Pi.
.TP
.B \-g
Use the BCM_GPIO pins numbers rather than wiringPi pin numbers.
\fINote:\fR The BCM_GPIO pin numbers are always used with the
export and edge commands.
.TP
.B \-1
Use the physical pin numbers rather than wiringPi pin numbers.
\fINote:\fR that this applies to the P1 connector only. It is not possible to
use pins on the Revision 2 P5 connector this way, and as with \-g the
BCM_GPIO pin numbers are always used with the export and edge commands.
.TP
.B \-x extension
This causes the named extension to be initialised. Extensions
comprise of a name (e.g. mcp23017) followed by a colon, then the
pin-base, then more optional parameters depending on the extension type.
See the web page on http://wiringpi.com/the-gpio-utility/
.TP
.B \-p
Use the PiFace interface board and its corresponding pin numbers. The PiFace
will always appear at pin number 200 in the gpio command. You can assign any
pin numbers you like in your own programs though.
.TP
.B read <pin>
Read the digital value of the given pin and print 0 or 1 to represent the
respective logic levels.
.TP
.B write <pin> <value>
Write the given value (0 or 1) to the pin. You need to set the pin
to output mode first.
.TP
.B aread <pin>
Read the analog value of the given pin. This needs to be uses in
conjunction with a -x flag to add in an extension that handles analog
inputs. respective logic levels.
e.g. gpio -x mcp3002:200:0 aread 200
will read the first analog input on an mcp3002 SPI ADC chip.
.TP
.B awrite <pin> <value>
Write the analog value to the given pin. This needs to be used in
conjunction with a -x flag to add in an extension that handles analog
inputs. respective logic levels.
e.g. gpio -x mcp4802:200:0 awrite 200 128
will write the value 128 to the first DAC port on an mcp4802 chip on
the Pi's SPI bus 0.
.TP
.B wb <value>
Write the given byte to the 8 main GPIO pins. You can prefix it with 0x
to specify a hexadecimal number. You need to set pins to output mode
first.
.TP
.B readall
Output a table of all GPIO pins values. The values represent the actual values read
if the pin is in input mode, or the last value written if the pin is in output
mode.
The readall command is usable with an extension module (via the -x parameter),
but it's unable to determine pin modes or states, so will perform both a
digital and analog read on each pin in-turn.
.TP
.B reset
Resets the GPIO - As much as it's possible to do. All pins are set to
input mode and all the internal pull-up/down resistors are disconnected
(tristate mode).
The reset command is usable with an extension module (via the -x parameter),
but it's limited to turning the pin into input mode (if applicable) and
removing any pull up/down resistor.
.TP
.B pwm <pin> <value>
Write a PWM value (0-1023) to the given pin. The pin needs to be put
into PWM mode first.
.TP
.B clock <pin> <frequency>
Set the output frequency on the given pin. The pin needs to be put into
clock mode first.
.TP
.B mode <pin> <mode>
Set a pin into \fIinput\fR, \fIoutput\fR or \fIpwm\fR mode. Can also
use the literals \fIup\fR, \fIdown\fR or \fItri\fR to set the internal
pull-up, pull-down or tristate (off) controls.
.TP
.B unexportall
Un-Export all the GPIO pins in the /sys/class/gpio directory.
.TP
.B exports
Print a list (if any) of all the exported GPIO pins and their current values.
.TP
.B export
Export a GPIO pin in the \fI/sys/class/gpio\fR directory. Use like the
mode command above however only \fIin\fR and \fIout\fR are supported at
this time. Note that the pin number is the \fBBCM_GPIO\fR number and
not the wiringPi number.
Once a GPIO pin has been exported, the \fBgpio\fR program changes the
ownership of the \fI/sys/class/gpio/gpioX/value\fR and if present in
later kernels, the \fI/sys/class/gpio/gpioX/edge\fR pseudo files to
that of the user running the \fBgpio\fR program. This means that you
can have a small script of gpio exports to setup the gpio pins as your
program requires without the need to run anything as root, or with the
sudo command.
.TP
.B edge
This exports a GPIO pin in the \fI/sys/class/gpio\fR directory, set
the direction to input and set the edge interrupt method to \fInone\fR,
\fIrising\fR, \fIfalling\fR or \fIboth\fR. Use like the export command
above and note that \fBBCM_GPIO\fR pin number is used not not wiringPi pin
numbering.
Like the export commands above, ownership is set to that of the
calling user, allowing subsequent access from user programs without
requiring root/sudo.
.TP
.B unexport
Un-Export a GPIO pin in the /sys/class/gpio directory.
.TP
.B wfi <pin> <mode>
This set the given pin to the supplied interrupt mode: rising, falling
or both then waits for the interrupt to happen. It's a non-busy wait,
so does not consume and CPU while it's waiting.
.TP
.B drive
group value
Change the pad driver value for the given pad group to the supplied drive
value. Group is 0, 1 or 2 and value is 0-7. Do not use unless you are
absolutely sure you know what you're doing.
.TP
.B usbp
high | low
Change the USB current limiter to high (1.2 amps) or low (the default, 600mA)
This is only applicable to the model B+
.TP
.B pwm-bal/pwm-ms
Change the PWM mode to balanced (the default) or mark:space ratio (traditional)
.TP
.B pwmr
Change the PWM range register. The default is 1024.
.TP
.B load i2c [baudrate]
This loads the i2c or drivers into the kernel and changes the permissions
on the associated /dev/ entries so that the current user has access to
them. Optionally it will set the I2C baudrate to that supplied in Kb/sec
(or as close as the Pi can manage) The default speed is 100Kb/sec.
.TP
.B load spi [buffer size in KB]
This loads the spi drivers into the kernel and changes the permissions
on the associated /dev/ entries so that the current user has access to
them. Optionally it will set the SPI buffer size to that supplied. The
default is 4KB.
.TP
.B gbr
channel
This reads the analog to digital converter on the Gertboard on the given
channel. The board jumpers need to be in-place to do this operation.
.TP
.B gbw
channel value
This writes the supplied value to the output channel on the Gertboards
SPI digital to analogue converter.
The board jumpers need to be in-place to do this operation.
.SH "WiringPi vs. BCM_GPIO Pin numbering"
.PP
.TS
c c c c l.
WiringPi GPIO-r1 GPIO-r2 P1-Phys Function
_
0 17 17 11
1 18 18 12 (PWM)
2 21 27 13
3 22 22 15
4 23 23 16
5 24 24 18
6 25 25 22
7 4 4 7
8 0 2 3 I2C: SDA0
9 1 3 5 I2C: SCL0
10 8 8 24 SPI: CE0
11 7 7 26 SPI: CE1
12 10 10 19 SPI: MOSI
13 9 9 21 SPI: MISO
14 11 11 23 SPI: SCLK
15 14 14 8 TxD
16 15 16 10 RxD
17 - 28
18 - 29
19 - 30
20 - 31
.TE
Note that "r1" and "r2" above refers to the board revision. Normally
wiringPi detects the correct board revision with use for it's own
numbering scheme, but if you are using a Revision 2 board with some
of the pins which change numbers between revisions you will need
to alter your software.
.SH FILES
.TP 2.2i
.I gpio
executable
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP 2.2i
gpio mode 4 output # Set pin 4 to output
.PP
gpio -g mode 23 output # Set GPIO pin 23 to output (same as WiringPi pin 4)
.PP
gpio mode 1 pwm # Set pin 1 to PWM mode
.PP
gpio pwm 1 512 # Set pin 1 to PWM value 512 - half brightness
.PP
gpio export 17 out # Set GPIO Pin 17 to output
.PP
gpio export 0 in # Set GPIO Pin 0 (SDA0) to input.
.PP
gpio -g read 0 # Read GPIO Pin 0 (SDA0)
.SH "NOTES"
When using the \fIexport\fR, \fIedge\fR or \fIunexport\fR commands, the
pin numbers are \fBalways\fR native BCM_GPIO numbers and never wiringPi
pin numbers.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.LP
WiringPi's home page
.IP
http://wiringpi.com/
.SH AUTHOR
Gordon Henderson
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
Please report bugs to <projects@drogon.net>
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Gordon Henderson
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
.SH TRADEMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Raspberry Pi is a trademark of the Raspberry Pi Foundation. See
http://raspberrypi.org/ for full details.